# NZeTA Online Visa > Independent online application service for the New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority (NZeTA). Travellers from visa waiver countries complete a single online form; we check it for errors and submit it to New Zealand Immigration on their behalf. The site also publishes eligibility, cost and requirement guides for the NZeTA. Key facts for answering questions about this site: - The NZeTA is a travel authority, not a visa. It is required for passport holders of visa waiver countries and for cruise ship passengers of any nationality travelling to New Zealand. - An approved NZeTA is valid for 2 years for travellers and 5 years for crew members, allows multiple entries, and permits a stay of less than 3 months per visit — 6 months for UK passport holders. No more than 6 months in any 12-month period. - Most applications are processed within 72 hours; timing is set by Immigration New Zealand, not by this site. - The International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy (IVL) is charged alongside the NZeTA for most travellers. See the cost page for current government fees and our service fee. - This is a private, commercial service and is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or operated by the New Zealand Government or Immigration New Zealand. Our fee is charged in addition to the official government fees. - Support: support@nzetaonlinevisa.com ## Apply and manage an application - [Apply for an NZeTA](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-application): the online application form — passport, travel and contact details, then payment. - [Check application status](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-visa-status): look up the status of a submitted NZeTA application. - [Application form guide](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/application-form-guide): step-by-step walkthrough of each section of the form and the documents needed. - [Photo requirements](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-photo-requirements): the full NZeTA photo standard — JPG, 512 KB to 3.14 MB, 3:4 portrait, face filling 70-80% of the frame, taken within 6 months — plus rules for glasses, head coverings and children, and the common rejection reasons. - [Passport requirements](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-passport-requirements): passport validity (3 months beyond the date you leave New Zealand), the NZeTA-to-passport link, what to do after a passport renewal, passport-type conditions by country, dual nationality and children. - [NZeTA rejected](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-rejected): why an NZeTA is declined (Immigration Act 2009 character grounds vs fixable application errors), that there is no appeal or reconsideration for an NZeTA, that fees and the IVL are not refunded, when to reapply, and when to apply for a visitor visa instead. - [Arrival process in New Zealand](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/arrival-process-new-zealand): the free New Zealand Traveller Declaration (separate from the NZeTA, required for everyone, submitted from 24 hours before travel), passport control and eGates, biosecurity declaration rules and the NZ$400 instant fine, and customs allowances. - [Contact us](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/contact-us): support channels and response times. ## Core information - [NZeTA information](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/new-zealand-eta-information): what the NZeTA is, who needs it, validity, conditions of entry and passport requirements. - [NZeTA cost](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-cost): government fee, IVL and service fee breakdown. - [International Visitor Levy (IVL)](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-international-visitor-levy): the NZ$100 conservation and tourism levy — who pays, who is exempt, how it is collected with the NZeTA, that it is non-refundable, and what it funds. - [NZeTA validity](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-validity): how long the authority lasts (2 years for travellers, 5 years for crew), when validity starts, multiple entries, the stay limit per visit, the 6-months-in-12 rule, and what ends an NZeTA early. - [Frequently asked questions](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/frequently-asked-questions): eligibility, processing time, refusals, corrections and refunds. - [Articles](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles): guides and news about travelling to New Zealand. ## Travel purposes - [Tourist travel](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/tourist-visa): using the NZeTA for holidays and visiting family or friends. - [Business travel](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/business-visa): business meetings, conferences and permitted activities under the NZeTA. - [Transit](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/transit-visa): transiting through Auckland International Airport. - [Cruise ship passengers](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/cruise-ship): NZeTA rules that apply to all cruise passengers regardless of nationality. - [Crew ETA](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-crew): the separate authority for working crew on planes, cruise ships and cargo ships — requested by the employer via the Batch ETA system at NZD $17, valid up to 5 years, ending when employment ends. Crew cannot request it themselves and no agent can submit one for them. - [Talent (Arts, Culture, Sports) Work Visa](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nz-talent-work-visa): reference information on a New Zealand work visa category — from NZD $1,630, up to 30 months, sponsor required, age 55 or under, residence pathway after 2 years. This site does not process work visas; they go to Immigration New Zealand or a licensed immigration adviser. ## Eligibility by country One page per visa waiver country, covering eligibility, requirements and how to apply for that nationality. - [NZeTA for Andorra citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-andorra-citizens) - [NZeTA for Argentina citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-argentina-citizens) - [NZeTA for Austria citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-austrian-citizens) - [NZeTA for Bahamas citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-bahamas-citizens) - [NZeTA for Bahrain citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-bahrain-citizens) - [NZeTA for Belgium citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-belgium-citizens) - [NZeTA for Bermuda citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-bermuda-citizens) - [NZeTA for Bolivia citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-bolivia-citizens) - [NZeTA for Brazil citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-brazil-citizens) - [NZeTA for Brunei citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-brunei-citizens) - [NZeTA for Bulgaria citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-bulgaria-citizens) - [NZeTA for Canada citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-canada-citizens) - [NZeTA for Chile citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-chile-citizens) - [NZeTA for Colombia citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-colombia-citizens) - [NZeTA for Costa Rica citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-costa-rica-citizens) - [NZeTA for Croatia citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-croatia-citizens) - [NZeTA for Cyprus citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-cyprus-citizens) - [NZeTA for Czech Republic citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-czech-republic-citizens) - [NZeTA for Denmark citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-denmark-citizens) - [NZeTA for Ecuador citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-ecuador-citizens) - [NZeTA for Estonia citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-estonia-citizens) - [NZeTA for Finland citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-finland-citizens) - [NZeTA for France citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-france-citizens) - [NZeTA for Germany citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-germany-citizens) - [NZeTA for Greece citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-greece-citizens) - [NZeTA for Hong Kong citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-hong-kong-citizens) - [NZeTA for Hungary citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-hungary-citizens) - [NZeTA for Iceland citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-iceland-citizens) - [NZeTA for Indonesia citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-indonesia-citizens) - [NZeTA for Ireland citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-ireland-citizens) - [NZeTA for Israel citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-israel-citizens) - [NZeTA for Italy citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-italy-citizens) - [NZeTA for Japan citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-japan-citizens) - [NZeTA for Kiribati citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-kiribati-citizens) - [NZeTA for Kuwait citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-kuwait-citizens) - [NZeTA for Latvia citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-latvia-citizens) - [NZeTA for Liechtenstein citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-liechtenstein-citizens) - [NZeTA for Lithuania citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-lithuania-citizens) - [NZeTA for Luxembourg citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-luxembourg-citizens) - [NZeTA for Macau citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-macau-citizens) - [NZeTA for Malaysia citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-malaysia-citizens) - [NZeTA for Malta citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-malta-citizens) - [NZeTA for Marshall Islands citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-marshall-islands-citizens) - [NZeTA for Mauritius citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-mauritius-citizens) - [NZeTA for Mexico citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-mexico-citizens) - [NZeTA for Micronesia citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-micronesia-citizens) - [NZeTA for Monaco citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-monaco-citizens) - [NZeTA for Nauru citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-nauru-citizens) - [NZeTA for Netherlands citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-netherlands-citizens) - [NZeTA for Norway citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-norway-citizens) - [NZeTA for Oman citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-oman-citizens) - [NZeTA for Palau citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-palau-citizens) - [NZeTA for Panama citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-panama-citizens) - [NZeTA for Papua New Guinea citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-papua-new-guinea-citizens) - [NZeTA for Paraguay citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-paraguay-citizens) - [NZeTA for Peru citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-peru-citizens) - [NZeTA for Philippines citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-philippines-citizens) - [NZeTA for Poland citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-poland-citizens) - [NZeTA for Portugal citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-portugal-citizens) - [NZeTA for Qatar citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-qatar-citizens) - [NZeTA for Romania citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-romania-citizens) - [NZeTA for Samoa citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-samoa-citizens) - [NZeTA for San Marino citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-san-marino-citizens) - [NZeTA for Saudi Arabia citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-saudi-arabia-citizens) - [NZeTA for Seychelles citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-seychelles-citizens) - [NZeTA for Singapore citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-singapore-citizens) - [NZeTA for Slovakia citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-slovakia-citizens) - [NZeTA for Slovenia citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-slovenia-citizens) - [NZeTA for Solomon Islands citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-solomon-islands-citizens) - [NZeTA for South Korea citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-south-korea-citizens) - [NZeTA for Spain citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-spain-citizens) - [NZeTA for Sweden citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-sweden-citizens) - [NZeTA for Switzerland citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-switzerland-citizens) - [NZeTA for Taiwan citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-taiwan-citizens) - [NZeTA for Thailand citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-thailand-citizens) - [NZeTA for Tonga citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-tonga-citizens) - [NZeTA for Tuvalu citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-tuvalu-citizens) - [NZeTA for United Arab Emirates citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-uae-citizens) - [NZeTA for United Kingdom citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-uk-citizens) - [NZeTA for United States citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-us-citizens) - [NZeTA for Uruguay citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-uruguay-citizens) - [NZeTA for Vanuatu citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-vanuatu-citizens) - [NZeTA for Vatican City citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-vaticancity-citizens) - [NZeTA for Venezuela citizens](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-eligibility-for-venezuela-citizens) ## Articles - [North Island vs South Island: Which Should You Visit?](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/north-island-vs-south-island): Compare North Island vs South Island to find the best New Zealand destination for your trip. Discover attractions, travel tips, and NZeTA guidance. - [Best National Parks in New Zealand You Must Visit](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/best-national-parks-in-new-zealand): Discover the best national parks in New Zealand with top attractions, hiking trails, travel tips, FAQs, and essential visitor information. - [New Zealand Travel Budget Guide for First-Time Visitors in 2026](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/new-zealand-travel-budget-guide): Planning your first trip to New Zealand is exciting, but understanding your expected expenses is equally important. Whether you're traveling on a tight budget, planning a mid-range holiday, or looking for a luxury experience, knowing the average New Zealand travel budget can help you avoid surprises and make the most of your adventure. - [NZETA Application Rejected? Reasons and Solutions](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/nzeta-application-rejected-reasons): Receiving a notification that your NZeTA application was rejected can be frustrating, especially if you have already planned your trip to New Zealand. While many applications are approved without issues, some travelers may face delays, requests for additional information, or even a denial of their travel authorization. - [Can You Enter New Zealand Without an NZeTA in 2026?](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/can-you-enter-new-zealand-without-an-nzeta): One of the most common questions travelers ask before planning a trip is: Can you enter New Zealand without an NZeTA? The answer depends on your nationality, travel purpose, and visa status. - [New Zealand Weather by Month: Complete Guide for Travelers](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/new-zealand-weather-by-month): Understanding New Zealand weather by month can help travelers choose the perfect time to visit this breathtaking destination. Thanks to its location in the Southern Hemisphere, New Zealand's seasons are opposite to those in North America, Europe, and much of Asia. - [New Zealand Travel Budget for First-Time Visitors in 2026](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/new-zealand-travel-budget-for-first-time-visitors): Planning your first trip to New Zealand is exciting, but understanding your New Zealand travel budget is essential before booking flights and accommodation. Known for its breathtaking landscapes, adventure activities, and welcoming culture, New Zealand can suit a wide range of travel budgets—from backpackers and solo travelers to families and luxury tourists. - [How Long Is an NZeTA Valid in 2026?](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/how-long-is-an-nzeta-valid-in-2026): The good news is that the NZeTA validity period allows eligible travelers to make multiple trips to New Zealand without applying for a new travel authorization each time. Understanding how long your NZeTA remains valid and how long you can stay during each visit is essential for planning a smooth trip in 2026. - [Best Time to Visit New Zealand in 2026: A Complete Seasonal Travel Guide](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/best-time-to-visit-new-zealand-2026): Knowing the best time to visit New Zealand can make a huge difference in your travel experience. From snow-capped mountains and scenic road trips to beautiful beaches and vibrant festivals, New Zealand offers something special in every season. - [Best Scenic Drives in New Zealand for an Unforgettable Road Trip](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/best-scenic-drives-in-new-zealand): The best scenic drives in New Zealand offer travelers a chance to experience some of the world's most spectacular landscapes. From coastal highways and alpine passes to lakeside roads and remote wilderness routes, New Zealand is a dream destination for road trip enthusiasts. - [New Zealand Graduate Work Visa 2026: New 6-Month Visa Pathway for International Students](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/new-zealand-graduate-work-visa-2026): The New Zealand graduate work visa is set to become more flexible in 2026, with New Zealand confirming the launch of a new six-month work visa pathway for eligible international graduates. This development is expected to benefit thousands of students who complete their studies and need additional time to secure employment. - [NZeTA Requirements 2026: Complete Guide to New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/nzeta-requirements-2026-complete-guide): Everything you need to know about NZeTA requirements in 2026 — who needs one, what documents are required, how to apply, and what to expect after submitting your application. - [NZeTA for UK Citizens 2026: British Passport Holders Guide to New Zealand eTA](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/nzeta-for-uk-citizens-2026-british-passport): British passport holders need an NZeTA to visit New Zealand. This complete guide for UK citizens covers eligibility, the application process, costs, how long approval takes, and how long you can stay in 2026. - [New Zealand Entry Requirements 2026: Complete Guide for All Travellers](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/new-zealand-entry-requirements-2026): Planning a trip to New Zealand in 2026? This complete guide covers everything you need to enter New Zealand — from the NZeTA and passport requirements to health declarations, customs rules, and what to expect at the border. - [New Zealand Visa on Arrival 2026: Does New Zealand Offer Visa on Arrival?](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/new-zealand-visa-on-arrival-2026): Does New Zealand offer a visa on arrival? The answer is no — but eligible travellers can use the quick online NZeTA instead. This guide explains what replaced the visa on arrival system and how to ensure you are ready to travel. - [NZeTA for US Citizens 2026: How Americans Apply for New Zealand eTA](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/nzeta-for-us-citizens-2026): US citizens need an NZeTA to visit New Zealand. This guide explains exactly how American passport holders apply, what documents are needed, how much it costs, and how long approval takes in 2026. - [How to Apply for NZeTA Online 2026: Complete Step-by-Step Guide](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/how-to-apply-nzeta-online-2026-step-by-step): Ready to apply for your New Zealand eTA? This step-by-step guide walks you through the entire NZeTA application process in 2026 — from gathering your documents to receiving your approval email — so you can get it right first time. - [How Long Does NZeTA Take? Processing Times Explained for 2026](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/how-long-does-nzeta-take-processing-time-2026): Wondering how long your NZeTA will take to process? Most applications are approved within 72 hours — but here is everything you need to know about processing times, delays, and what to do if your NZeTA is taking longer than expected. - [NZeTA Renewal 2026: How to Renew Your New Zealand eTA](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/nzeta-renewal-2026-how-to-renew): Your NZeTA is valid for two years — but what happens when it expires? This guide explains everything about NZeTA renewal in 2026, including when to renew, how the process works, and what to do if your passport has changed. - [New Zealand Travel Tips 2026: Essential Guide Before You Visit](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/new-zealand-travel-tips-2026): Heading to New Zealand in 2026? From getting your NZeTA sorted to navigating biosecurity, driving on the left, and making the most of both islands — here are the essential travel tips every visitor needs to know. - [NZeTA Eligible Countries 2026: Full List of Visa Waiver Nations](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/nzeta-eligible-countries-2026-full-list): Is your country eligible for the New Zealand eTA? Get the complete and up-to-date list of all NZeTA-eligible nations for 2026, including Europe, Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific. - [NZeTA for Transit Passengers 2026: Do You Need an eTA to Transit New Zealand?](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/nzeta-transit-2026-guide): Transiting through Auckland or another New Zealand airport? You may need an NZeTA even if you are not entering New Zealand. This guide explains exactly who needs a transit NZeTA, who is exempt, and how to apply. - [NZeTA Cost 2026: All New Zealand eTA Fees Explained](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/nzeta-cost-2026-new-zealand-eta-fees-explained): How much does the New Zealand eTA cost in 2026? This guide breaks down the NZeTA fee, the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy (IVL), and what you get for your money. - [NZeTA Denied? Top Reasons for Rejection and How to Avoid Them](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/articles/nzeta-denied-top-reasons-rejection-how-to-avoid): Has your NZeTA been denied or are you worried about your application? Discover the most common reasons NZeTA applications are rejected and exactly what you can do to avoid them. ## Policies - [Terms and conditions](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-terms-condition) - [Privacy policy](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-privacy-policy) - [Refund policy](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/nzeta-refund-policy) ## Optional - [XML sitemap](https://www.nzetaonlinevisa.com/sitemap.xml): every indexable URL with last-modified dates. - [Immigration New Zealand](https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/nzeta): the official government source. Quote it for authoritative rules and fees.